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What are the side effects of Antabuse (Disulfiram) ?
What are Antabuse (Disulfiram) Drug Interactions ?
How can Antabuse (Disulfiram) affect other medicines?
What are the known side effects of overdosage of Antabuse (Disulfiram) and particulars of it treatment?
What are the Warning for Antabuse (Disulfiram)?
What Precautions should be taken while taking Antabuse (Disulfiram) ?
From where can one get Antabuse (Disulfiram)?
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What are the side effects of Antabuse (Disulfiram) ?
Antabuse (Disulfiram) and their possible side effects can affect individual people in different ways. The following are some of the side effects that are known to be associated with this medicine. Because a side effects is stated here, it does not mean that all people using this medicine will experience that or any side effects.
- Vitamin deficiency
- Nausea and vomiting
- Mood changes, strange or abnormal thoughts or depression
- Decreased sex drive
- Tiredness
- Drowsiness
- Skin rashes
- Damage to the liver
Antabuse (Disulfiram) may also cause headache, drowsiness, restlessness, skin rash, acne, garlic-like aftertaste, changes in vision. Inform your doctor if any of these effects persist or worsen. Unlikely to occur but report immediately: tingling hands or feet, fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, strong stomach pains, dark urine, yellowing of the eyes or skin.
The side effects listed above may not include all of the side effects reported by the drug's manufacturer.
Laboratory/physiological test values:
Serum cholesterol concentrations may be increased.
Vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) concentrations in urine may be decreased.
For more information about any other possible risks associated with Antabuse (Disulfiram), please read the information provided with the medicine .If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
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What are Antabuse (Disulfiram) Drug Interactions ?
Antabuse (Disulfiram) may inhibit the metabolism of paraldehyde leading to an accumulation of acetaldehyde and these drugs should not be given concomitantly.
The use of alcohol or alcohol-containing products within 14 days of Antabuse (Disulfiram) therapy will result in a Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reaction.
Antabuse (Disulfiram) inhibits hepatic enzymes and may interfere with the metabolism of other drugs taken at the same time e.g. mono amine oxidase inhibitors, barbiturates and alfentanil.
Antabuse (Disulfiram) inhibits the metabolism and excretion of rifampicin and may similarly affect pethidine, morphine, amphetamines and other centrally active drugs mediated by noradrenaline or dopamine. There have been occasional reports of choreoathetosis in patients receiving Antabuse (Disulfiram) and pimozide.
Antabuse (Disulfiram) enhances the effects of anticonvulsants. Hydantoin, especially phenytoin and coumarin or indandione anticoagulants and their dosage may need to be reduced.
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How can Antabuse (Disulfiram) affect other medicines?
Liquid medicines, remedies, tonics and foods may contain sufficient alcohol to elicit an unpleasant reaction.
Even small amounts of alcohol will cause extremely unpleasant reactions e.g.flushing of the face, throbbing headache, palpitations, increased heart rate, nausea, vomiting.
Larger amounts of alcohol may cause irregular heart beat, low blood pressure, collapse.
Antabuse (Disulfiram) inhibits the metabolism of the following medicines and may increase their effects:
- warfarin
- phenytoin
- benzodiazepines
When given together with the following medicines there may be an increase in confusion and changes in mood:
- metronidazole
- isoniazid
- paraldehyde
Chlorpromazine and amitriptyline may increase the intensity of the Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reaction.
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What are the known side effects of overdosage of Antabuse (Disulfiram) and particulars of it treatment?
Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
The syndrome of Antabuse (Disulfiram) intoxication in children, with sequelae of brain damage or death, is distinct from the Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol interaction or acute Antabuse (Disulfiram) intoxication in adults. It is characterised by lethargy or somnolence, weakness, hypotonia and vomiting, begining approximately 12 hours after ingestion and progressing to stupor or coma. Dehydration, moderate tachycardia and marked tachypnea occur frequently, muscle tone is greatly decreased and deep-tendon reflexes may be weak or absent.
A severe reaction is likely to occur when an overdose of ANTABUSE(disulfiram) and alcohol is taken. Psychotic reactions, such as depressive psychosis (with suicidal tendencies), paranoia, paranoid schizophrenia, mania and Korsakoff's psychosis have been reported as well as a few fatalities.
No specific treatment for severe Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reactions has yet been developed.
In severe Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reactions, supportive measures to restore blood pressure and treat shock should be instituted. Other recommendations include: administration of supplemental oxygen, monitoring of serum potassium levels; and monitoring of ECG tracings.
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What are the Warning for Antabuse (Disulfiram)?
Antabuse (Disulfiram) should never be administered to an individual without their full knowledge or when they are in a state of alcohol intoxication. The attending physician should instruct those tending to the individual accordingly.
Alcoholics must be fully informed about the Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reaction. They must be strongly cautioned against surreptitious drinking while taking the drug and must be fully aware of possible consequences.
They should be further informed to avoid contact with alcohol in disguised forms of food or other normal daily used items.
Do not drink alcohol whilst taking this medicine.
Use with caution in:
Alcoholics who continue to drink
Children
Diabetes
Disease affecting the airways or lungs (respiratory disease)
Epilepsy
Kidney disease
Liver disease
Not to be used in:
Coronary heart disease
Heart failure
High blood pressure (hypertension)
History of stroke
Psychiatric disorders
Psychotic illness
Risk of suicide
Stroke
This medicine should not be used if you are allergic to one or any of its ingredients. Please inform your doctor or pharmacist if you have previously experienced such an allergy.
If you feel you have experienced an allergic reaction, stop using this medicine and inform your doctor or pharmacist immediately.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Certain medicines should not be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. However, other medicines may be safely used in pregnancy or breastfeeding providing the benefits to the mother outweigh the risks to the unborn baby.Always inform your doctor if you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy, before using any medicine.
This medicine should not be used in pregnancy. Seek medical advice from your doctor.
There is no information available about the safety of this medicine during breastfeeding. For this reason, the manufacturer states that it should not be used during breastfeeding. Seek medical advice from your doctor.
Label Warning: This medication may cause drowsiness. If affected do not drive or operate machinery. Avoid alcoholic drink.
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What Precautions should be taken while taking Antabuse (Disulfiram) ?
Disulfiram (Antabuse) plus even small amounts of alcohol produces flushing, throbbing in head and neck, throbbing headache, respiratory difficulty, nausea, copious vomiting, sweating, thirst, chest pain, palpitation, dyspnea, hyperventilation, tachycardia, hypertension, syncope, marked uneasiness, weakness, vertigo, blurred vision, and confusion. In severe reactions, there may be respiratory depression, cardiovascular collapse, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, unconsciousness, convulsions, and death.
The intensity of the reaction may vary with each individual but is generally proportional to the amount of Antabuse (Disulfiram) and alcohol ingested.
Alcoholics having a history of industrial contact dermatitis, such as worked in the rubber industry, should be evaluated for hypersensitivity to thiuram derivatives before receiving Antabuse (Disulfiram).
Alcoholics exposed to organic solvents that may contain alcohol, acetaldehyde, paraldehyde, or structural analogues are at risk of experiencing Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reactions. Such exposure should be eliminated before treatment.
It is suggested that every alcoholic under treatment carry an identification card stating that he is receiving Antabuse (Disulfiram) and describing the symptoms most likely to occur as a result of the Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reaction. In addition, this card should identify the attending physician or institution to be contacted in emergency.
Alcoholism may be associated or followed by dependence on narcotics or sedatives. Barbiturates have been administered concurrently with Antabuse (Disulfiram) without untoward effects, but the possibility of initiating a new dependence should be considered. Alcoholics taking Antabuse (Disulfiram) should not be exposed to ethylene dibromide or its vapors.
Since Antabuse (Disulfiram)-alcohol reactions could aggravate some medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, epilepsy, cerebral damage, chronic and acute nephritis, hepatic cirrhosis, or hepatic insufficiency, Antabuse (Disulfiram) should be used with extreme care in alcoholics having such a medical history. Baseline and follow-up transaminase tests (10 to 14 days) are suggested to detect any hepatic dysfunction that may be associated with Antabuse (Disulfiram) therapy.
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